Grave goods-as the name implies-are items buried alongside the deceased within a tomb, serving to convey auspicious wishes for the departed. The practice of including grave goods is inextricably linked to human social consciousness and religious beliefs. Since ancient times, people have firmly adhered to the philosophy of "treating the dead as one treats the living," holding the widespread conviction that the deceased should be treated with honor and care, in the hope that they might enjoy a better life in the afterlife.
Grave goods generally fall into two categories. The first consists of items that the deceased used during their lifetime. However, given the limited quantity and size constraints of such personal effects-and the fact that tomb chambers often lack the space to accommodate them all-this category presents practical challenges. Furthermore, precious metal ornaments-such as bracelets, rings, and necklaces-are considered too valuable to be buried; moreover, the magnetic fields emitted by metals were believed to potentially exert a negative influence on the deceased. Consequently, a second category of grave goods emerged: items *not* used during the deceased's lifetime-and often lacking any practical utility-that were created *solely* for the purpose of burial. These items are known as *mingqi* (明器), a term phonetically homophonous with "冥器," meaning "objects for the netherworld."
Since grave goods are destined to remain buried underground for extended periods, their durability and preservation qualities are paramount considerations; they must be resistant to corrosion and oxidation, as well as being sturdy enough to avoid breakage. All things considered, grave goods crafted from jade are deemed particularly suitable for this purpose-a choice that also reflects a profound sense of refinement and cultural significance.